<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 14232 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>Another Ohio Center for the Commercial Development of Space is the Center for the Commercial Development of Space Materials for Space Structures. This center investigates space structures capable of assembly in orbit, or being made in space.(Contact: Center for Materials for Space Structures, Case Western Reserve University, School of Engineering, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106.)</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
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card_7277.xml
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<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 14232 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>Another Ohio Center for the Commercial Development of Space is the Center for Mapping which develops methods of collecting information from satellites, correlating that data with existing information and applying advanced mapping techniques in the commercial market in "real-time."(Contact: Center for Mapping, Ohio State University, 1958 Neil Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43210-1247.)</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
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card_3714.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 14232 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>In 1985, NASA founded a program which developed Centers for the Commercial Development of Space (CCDS). The purpose of these centers is to encourage private-sector interest and investment in commercial space-related activities. These centers are located throughout the U.S.in a broad number of states so that such space activity will benefit our whole nation. In this fashion, monies from our national space budget can have a multiplier effect on the economies of our individual states. Three such centers exist in Ohio; one is the Advanced Materials Center for the Commercial Development of Space. The Center conducts research into advanced materials. These include polymers, catalysts, electronic materials, metals, ceramics, and superconductors. (Frank J. Jelinek, Director, Advanced Materials CCDS, Battelle, 505 King Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43201-2693, 614-424-6376.)(See the next two cards of the stack for the other two Ohio centers.)</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
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card_3901.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
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<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 13289 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>In 1985, NASA founded a program which developed Centers for the Commercial Development of Space (CCDS). The purpose of these centers is to encourage private-sector interest and investment in commercial space-related activities. These centers are located throughout the U.S.in a broad number of states so that such space activity will benefit our whole nation. In this fashion, monies from our national space budget can have a multiplier effect on the economies of our individual states.One such center is located in Madison, Wisconsin. It is the Wisconsin Center for Space Automation and Robotics. This technology center is working to develop automated plant growth facilities in space. It is delving into study of mining and processing of Helium-3 on the Moon as well as the utilization of robots in space. (Contact: Heidi Wilde, Wisconsin Center for Space Automation and Robotics, 1357 University Ave., Madison, WI 53715, (608)262l-5524.)</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
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card_5942.xml
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<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 17751 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>The other Tennessee Center for the Commercial Development of Space is the Center for Advanced Space Propulsion which is instituting and carrying out advanced propulsion research. Among the concepts are ion propulsion and the improvement of the Space Shuttle Main Engine thrust. (Contact: Center for Advanced Space Propulsion, Univeristy of Tennessee Space institute, P.O. Box 1385, Tullahoma, TN 37388-88897, (615) 454-9294.)</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
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card_4327.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 17751 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>In 1985, NASA founded a program which developed Centers for the Commercial Development of Space (CCDS). The purpose of these centers is to encourage private-sector interest and investment in commercial space-related activities. These centers are located throughout the U.S.in a broad number of states so that such space activity will benefit our whole nation. In this fashion, monies from our national space budget can have a multiplier effect on the economies of our individual states.Two such centers are in Nashville, Tennessee; one is the Center for Space Processing which delves into investigation of application of microgravity environment to improve Earth and space-based materials processing. The other Tennessee center is on the next card. (Contact: Center for Space Processing, Program Coordinator, P.O. Box 6309, Station B, Nashville, TN 37235, (615) 322-7047.) </text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
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card_14736.xml
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<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 6315 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>NASA's procurements have a multiplier effect on the American economy of 2:1 for the entire nation and many states have multipliers as high as 12:1. Money spent within the states produces jobs directly and indirectly. Industries and businesses which result from technologies created from NASA spinoffs provide indirect multipliers which in some cases are infinite. For example, in a city or area which does not have a direct NASA contract, an interested individual could read a NASA Technical Note and as a result obtain a license to market a derivative product based on space technology. The resulting company, a by-product of space exploration, would produce income for a city or region in which no direct NASA contract existed. To accelerate this process, NASA established facilities throughout the U.S. to make space technology available for private use. One such facility is located in Juneau, Alaska at the University of Alaska (907) 789-4402.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
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card_6935.xml
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<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 12042 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>Another of the three Alabama Centers for the Commercial Development of Space is the Center for Commercial Development of Space Power which is finding critical technologies for the economic application of power systems in space with regard to power storage, conditioning and actual power transmission.(Contact: Raymond Askew, Space Power Institute, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5320, (205) 844-5894.)</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_6525.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
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<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 12042 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>Another of the three Alabama Centers for the Commercial Development of Space is the Center for Macromolecular Crystallography which studies protein crystal growth on Earth and in space, using the technique to investigate three-dimensional atomic arrangements within complicated biological macromolecules. (Contact: Charles Bugg, Center for Macromolecular Crystallography, University of Alabama, Birmingham, THT-Box 79, University Station, Birmingham, AL 35294, (205) 934-5329.)</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_4355.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 12042 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>In 1985, NASA founded a program which developed Centers for the Commercial Development of Space (CCDS). The purpose of these centers is to encourage private-sector interest and investment in commercial space-related activities. These centers are located throughout the U.S.in a broad number of states so that such space activity will benefit our whole nation. In this fashion, monies from our national space budget can have a multiplier effect on the economies of our individual states.Three such centers reside in Alabama; one is the Consortium for Materials Development in Space which deals with study in space as a means to create new materials and processes. (Contact: Charles Lundquits, Consortium for Materials Development in Space, University of Alabama in Huntsville, AL 35899, (205) 895-6620.)(See the following two cards for the other two Alabama Centers for the Commercial Development of Space.)</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_4804.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 5460 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>In 1985, NASA founded a program which developed Centers for the Commercial Development of Space (CCDS). The purpose of these centers is to encourage private-sector interest and investment in commercial space-related activities. These centers are located throughout the U.S.in a broad number of states so that such space activity will benefit our whole nation. In this fashion, monies from our national space budget can have a multiplier effect on the economies of our individual states.One such center, located in New York, is the Center for Commercial Crystal Growth in Space which delves into the study of crystal growth in space for use in electronics, optical systems, detectors and separations.(Contact: Bill Wilcox, Center for Commercial Crystal Growth in Space, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13676, (315) 268-6446.)</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_4953.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 12695 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>In 1985, NASA founded a program which developed Centers for the Commercial Development of Space (CCDS). The purpose of these centers is to encourage private-sector interest and investment in commercial space-related activities. These centers are located throughout the U.S.in a broad number of states so that such space activity will benefit our whole nation. In this fashion, monies from our national space budget can have a multiplier effect on the economies of our individual states.One such center, located in Colorado, is the Bioserve Space Technologies which delves into the space biomedical and agricultural research derived from experimenting with biologicals in the microgravity environment to controlled ecological life-support system research. (Contact: John Berryman, Bioserve Space Technologies, University of Colorado, Campus Box 429, Boulder, CO 80309, (303) 492-1005.)</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
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card_5156.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 11754 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>In 1985, NASA founded a program which developed Centers for the Commercial Development of Space (CCDS). The purpose of these centers is to encourage private-sector interest and investment in commercial space-related activities. These centers are located throughout the U.S.in a broad number of states so that such space activity will benefit our whole nation. In this fashion, monies from our national space budget can have a multiplier effect on the economies of our individual states.One such center is located in Pennsylvania. It is the Center for Cell Research which studies the fundamental mechanisms of mammalian cell function on Earth and in space and commercialization of the findings.(Contact: Sylvia Stein, 416 Wartik Laboratory, Penn State University, University, PA 16802, (814) 865-2410.)</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_5606.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 9587 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>In 1985, NASA founded a program which developed Centers for the Commercial Development of Space (CCDS). The purpose of these centers is to encourage private-sector interest and investment in commercial space-related activities. These centers are located throughout the U.S.in a broad number of states so that such space activity will benefit our whole nation. In this fashion, monies from our national space budget can have a multiplier effect on the economies of our individual states.One such center is locayed in Mississippi. It is the Space Remote Sensing Center which develops commercial applications of satellite and airborne remote sensing, image processing and geographic information systems. (Contact: ITD Space Remote, Sensing Center, Bldg. 1103, Suite 118, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, (601) 688-2509.) </text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
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card_5801.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 8093 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>In 1985, NASA founded a program which developed Centers for the Commercial Development of Space (CCDS). The purpose of these centers is to encourage private-sector interest and investment in commercial space-related activities. These centers are located throughout the U.S.in a broad number of states so that such space activity will benefit our whole nation. In this fashion, monies from our national space budget can have a multiplier effect on the economies of our individual states.One such center is located in Michigan. The Center for Autonomous and Man-Controlled Robotic and Sensing Systems is studying the feasibility of commercial autonomous and teleautonomous services in space. (Contact: Charles Jacobus, CAMRSS, ERIM, P.O. Box 8618, Ann Arbor, MI 48107, (313) 994-1200, ext. 2457 or 2738.)</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
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card_7701.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 28437 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>Lewis and Clark departed in 1804 from St. Louis to explore America's newly acquired area, the Louisiana Purchase. Their directions were to find "the most direct and practical water communication across this continent for purposes of commerce." Their sponsor was the U.S. President, Thomas Jefferson. Missourians launched a similar American exploration of new territory, SPACE, in the 1960s when President John F. Kennedy, urged the building of the Mercury and Gemini manned spacecraft. These craft were built in St. Louis. And now these same Missourians are commissioned to build a Space Station Freedom whose purpose might be rephrased slightly by President Jefferson if he resided today in the White House. "Find the most direct and practical means of space exploration for the purposes of commerce." And once more this exploration is beginning in St. Louis. "First the Space Station, next a Lunar Base, and on to Mars" directs our President Bush. </text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
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card_8096.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 25779 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>In 1989, NASA formed a consortia called "Space Grant Colleges"; a consortia of universities designated for grants to further the study of space by encouraging space education and providing fellowship to students for space studies. Among the NASA Space Grant Colleges are three Arizona Universities: The University of Arizona (Tucson), Northern Arizona University (Flagstaff), and Arizona State University (Tempe).</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
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card_8381.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 20479 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>In 1989, NASA formed a consortia called "Space Grant Colleges"; a consortia of universities designated for grants to further the study of space by encouraging space education and providing fellowships to students for space studies. Among the NASA Space Grant Colleges are three Maryland Universities: The Johns Hopkins University (Baltimore), The Space Telescope Science Institute (Baltimore), and Morgan State University (Baltimore).</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_8619.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 19294 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>In 1989, NASA formed a consortia called "Space Grant Colleges"; a consortia of universities designated for grants to further the study of space by encouraging space education and providing fellowship to students for space studies. Among the NASA Space Grant Colleges are five Virginia Universities: The University of Virginia (Charlottesville), College of William and Mary (Williamsburg), Virginia Polytechnical Institue and State University (Blacksburg), Hampton University, and Old Dominion University (Norfolk).</text>
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<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_8816.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 20811 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>In 1989, NASA formed a consortia called "Space Grant Colleges"; a consortia of universities designated for grants to further the study of space by encouraging space education and providing fellowship to students for space studies. Among the NASA Space Grant Colleges is the University of Washington (Seattle).</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_8985.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 7480 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>In 1989, NASA formed a consortia called "Space Grant Colleges"; a consortia of universities designated for grants to further the study of space by encouraging space education and providing fellowships to students for space studies. Among the NASA Space Grant Colleges are three Florida Universities: The University of Florida (Gainesville), Flordia State University (Tallahassee), and the University of Miami.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_9394.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 14622 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>In 1989, NASA formed a consortia called "Space Grant Colleges"; a consortia of universities designated for grants to further the study of space by encouraging space education and providing fellowships to students for space studies. Among the NASA Space Grant Colleges are four Georgia Universities: Georgia Institute of Technology (Atlanta), Georgia State University (Atlanta), Clark Atlanta University (Atlanta), and Tuskegee University.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_9667.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 19517 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>In 1989, NASA formed a consortia called "Space Grant Colleges"; a consortia of universities designated for grants to further the study of space by encouraging space education and providing fellowships to students for space studies. Among the NASA Space Grant Colleges are two Utah Universities: Utah State University (Logan) and the University of Utah (Salt Lake City).</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_9845.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 4758 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>In 1989, NASA formed a consortia called "Space Grant Colleges"; a consortia of universities designated for grants to further the study of space by encouraging space education and providing fellowships to students for space studies. Among the NASA Space Grant Colleges are six Illinois Universities: Illinois Space Institute, Univerity of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign), Illinois Institute of Technology (Chicago), University of Chicago, University of Illinois (Chicago), and Northwestern University University (Evanston).</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_10175.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
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<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 18257 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>The Space Program enriches states through the free enterprise system.For example, there are currently greater than 200,000 jobs funded by NASA projects alone. Of these, 50% are with very large aerospace companies. These gaints are the Martin Mariettas, Lockheeds, etc. Another 40% of the jobs are held by smaller companies like TRW, Ford Aerospace, etc. And 3% of the jobs are with space entrepreneurs likeOrbital Sciences Corporation (OSC) or Space Services, Inc. Finally, government space jobs account for only 7% of the total employment in centers like Johnson Space Center or Marshall Space Flight Center.Minnesota has companies like the 3M Corporation in St. Paul who have done much space work for NASA. Presently the 3M Corporation is working on Shuttle microgravity materials processing. </text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_10378.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 16213 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>The Space Program enriches states through the free enterprise system.For example, there are currently greater than 200,000 jobs funded by NASA projects alone. Of these, 50% are with very large aerospace companies. These gaints are the Martin Mariettas, Lockheeds, etc. Another 40% of the jobs are held by smaller companies like TRW, Ford Aerospace, etc. And 3% of the jobs are with space entrepreneurs likeOrbital Sciences Corporation (OSC) or Space Services, Inc. Finally, government space jobs account for only 7% of the total employment in centers like Johnson Space Center or Marshall Space Flight Center.Connecticut has a significant space company employer, the United Technologies Hamilton Standard Division, a company who has pioneered space suit and space environment control system research.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
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card_10587.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 15158 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>It was 1889, over one-hundred years ago, when the Oklahoma Territory opened to settlement. In one day's time a prairie became a city of 100,000 people, Oklahoma City. A starter's gun launched the rush for land. Those who "jumped the gun" were called "Sooners" and Oklahoma became the Sooner State.* This same Sooner spirit is needed in this era of space exploration. Those who won't wait for the starter's gun. Those who will initiate programs and advocacy of space exploration with a desire to colonize and settle barren prairie's above in the heavens. Perhaps, one of the future colonies on the Moon or Mars will be called "Sooner City" in honor of the courageous men and women who pushed for manned exploration of the Solar System.*A BOOK OF DAYS IN AMERICAN HISTORY, Larry Shapiro, Scribner's, 1987, New York, p. for April 22.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_2356.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
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<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 23668 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>NASA sponsors a program to develop the next generation of qualified scientists and engineers. It is known as The Space Grant College Program. In addition to promoting a strong educational base to assure future science and engineering resources, the program distributes research and development (R&D) funds on a geographical basis, where feasible.Rhode Island institutions are benefitting from this space program effort.Rhode Island has a Space Grant Program led by Dr. Peter H. Schultz,Department of Geological Science, Box 1846, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI 02912, Telephone: (401) 863-2417; Fax: (401) 863-3978.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
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card_11734.xml
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<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 23813 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>In 1985, the small Louisiana town of Haughton had been notified to clean up its wastewater treatment facility or face fines. At first the cost appeared to be $1,200,000 for modifing its sludge facility until NASA came to the rescue. The John C. Stennis Space Center in Mississippi had a researcher named Dr. Billy C. Wolverton. Dr. Wolverton worked out a natural purification approach using aquatic plants to remove the pollutants at a low cost. As a result the Louisiana community of 2,000 was not financially burdened. A year after the natural plant purification facility was working, Haughton was able to drop its sewer user fees by 25 percent.(SPINOFF 1988, NASA Publication, p. 92.)</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
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card_11840.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 22705 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory is sponsoring work at the University ofNew Hampshire's Institute for Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space to process Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite imagery in a way that will determine forest decline damage due to acid rain or other atmospheric pollutants. Hopefully, this research at the University of New Hamphire will mitigate the harmful effects of pollution on our national forests.(SPINOFF 1988, NASA Publication, p. 98.)</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
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card_12226.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
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<script>on mouseUpgo to card id 10081 of stack "STATE/STACK"end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>NASA helps fund a lightning detection system for use by electric companies in the prediction and assessment of lightning storms and strikes. Lightning causes $50 million a year in damages to power lines, transformers, and other electric utility equipment. Much of this sum may be eliminated with better understanding of lightning's characteristics. The big North Carolina Duke Power Company uses the NASA sponsored work as a management tool. The system provides advanced knowledge in scheduling field crews in predicting power outages and saves time, restoring power and saving man-hours.(SPINOFF 1988, NASA Publication, p. 115.)</text>
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<text>As a result of NASA sponsored work, funds have gone to RECON Research in Bend Oregon in a joint effort to develop a system for stabilizing video images viewed from a heliocopter. If police and other users of heliocopters could obtain stable images not affected by the rotor vibrations of the heliocopter, better surveying of the scene below could lead to quickly apprehending a fleeing suspect. This work is benefiting the public service need, aerial photography, and other aviation applications.(SPINOFF 1988, NASA Publication, p. 143.) </text>
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<text>NASA's procurements have a multiplier effect on the American economy of 2:1 for the entire nation and many states have multipliers as high as 12:1. Money spent within the states produces jobs directly and indirectly. Industries and businesses which result from technologies created from NASA spinoffs provide indirect multipliers which in some cases are infinite. For example, in a city or area which does not have a direct NASA contract, an interested individual could read a NASA Technical Note and as a result obtain a license to market a derivative product based on space technology. The resulting company, a by-product of space exploration, would produce income for a city or region in which no direct NASA contract existed. To accelerate this process, NASA established facilities throughout the U.S. to make space technology available for private use. One such facility is located in Topeka, Kansas (913) 296-5272. </text>
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<name></name>
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<text>A Witchita, Kansas Company, Prescott, is manufacturing a private aircraft called the Prescott Pusher which employs a recent NASA innovative wing design called the high efficiency natural laminar flow wing (NLF). As a result of the NASA Langley Research Center developed NLF, Prescott was able to market an affordable high performance general aviation aircraft.This is an example of space exploration technology benefitting the private sector in our nation's states.(SPINOFF 1987, NASA Publication, p. 65.)</text>
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<content>
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<text>NASA's procurements have a multiplier effect on the American economy of 2:1 for the entire nation and many states have multipliers as high as 12:1. Money spent within the states produces jobs directly and indirectly. Industries and businesses which result from technologies created from NASA spinoffs provide indirect multipliers which in some cases are infinite. For example, in a city or area which does not have a direct NASA contract, an interested individual could read a NASA Technical Note and as a result obtain a license to market a derivative product based on space technology. The resulting company, a by-product of space exploration, would produce income for a city or region in which no direct NASA contract existed. To accelerate this process, NASA established facilities throughout the U.S. to make space technology available for private use. One such facility is located in Honolulu, Hawaii at the University of Hawaii. </text>
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<content>
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<text>NASA's procurements have a multiplier effect on the American economy of 2:1 for the entire nation and many states have multipliers as high as 12:1. Money spent within the states produces jobs directly and indirectly. Industries and businesses which result from technologies created from NASA spinoffs provide indirect multipliers which in some cases are infinite. For example, in a city or area which does not have a direct NASA contract, an interested individual could read a NASA Technical Note and as a result obtain a license to market a derivative product based on space technology. The resulting company, a by-product of space exploration, would produce income for a city or region in which no direct NASA contract existed. To accelerate this process, NASA established facilities throughout the U.S. to make space technology available for private use. Two such facilities are located in Indianapolis, Indiana.</text>
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<text>NASA's procurements have a multiplier effect on the American economy of 2:1 for the entire nation and many states have multipliers as high as 12:1. Money spent within the states produces jobs directly and indirectly. Industries and businesses which result from technologies created from NASA spinoffs provide indirect multipliers which in some cases are infinite. For example, in a city or area which does not have a direct NASA contract, an interested individual could read a NASA Technical Note and as a result obtain a license to market a derivative product based on space technology. The resulting company, a by-product of space exploration, would produce income for a city or region in which no direct NASA contract existed. To accelerate this process, NASA established facilities throughout the U.S. to make space technology available for private use. One such facility is located in Iowa at Iowa State University (515) 294-3420. </text>
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<text>NASA's procurements have a multiplier effect on the American economy of 2:1 for the entire nation and many states have multipliers as high as 12:1. Money spent within the states produces jobs directly and indirectly. Industries and businesses which result from technologies created from NASA spinoffs provide indirect multipliers which in some cases are infinite. For example, in a city or area which does not have a direct NASA contract, an interested individual could read a NASA Technical Note and as a result obtain a license to market a derivative product based on space technology. The resulting company, a by-product of space exploration, would produce income for a city or region in which no direct NASA contract existed. To accelerate this process, NASA established facilities throughout the U.S. to make space technology available for private use. One such facility is located in Maine in Gorham (207) 780-5439.</text>
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<content>
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<text>NASA's procurements have a multiplier effect on the American economy of 2:1 for the entire nation and many states have multipliers as high as 12:1. Money spent within the states produces jobs directly and indirectly. Industries and businesses which result from technologies created from NASA spinoffs provide indirect multipliers which in some cases are infinite. For example, in a city or area which does not have a direct NASA contract, an interested individual could read a NASA Technical Note and as a result obtain a license to market a derivative product based on space technology. The resulting company, a by-product of space exploration, would produce income for a city or region in which no direct NASA contract existed. To accelerate this process, NASA established facilities throughout the U.S. to make space technology available for private use. One such facility is located in Montana in Bozeman (406) 994-3812.</text>
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<content>
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<text>NASA's procurements have a multiplier effect on the American economy of 2:1 for the entire nation and many states have multipliers as high as 12:1. Money spent within the states produces jobs directly and indirectly. Industries and businesses which result from technologies created from NASA spinoffs provide indirect multipliers which in some cases are infinite. For example, in a city or area which does not have a direct NASA contract, an interested individual could read a NASA Technical Note and as a result obtain a license to market a derivative product based on space technology. The resulting company, a by-product of space exploration, would produce income for a city or region in which no direct NASA contract existed. To accelerate this process, NASA established facilities throughout the U.S. to make space technology available for private use. One such facility is located in Boise, Idaho at Boise State University (208) 385-1640.</text>
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<content>
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<text>NASA's procurements have a multiplier effect on the American economy of 2:1 for the entire nation and many states have multipliers as high as 12:1. Money spent within the states produces jobs directly and indirectly. Industries and businesses which result from technologies created from NASA spinoffs provide indirect multipliers which in some cases are infinite. For example, in a city or area which does not have a direct NASA contract, an interested individual could read a NASA Technical Note and as a result obtain a license to market a derivative product based on space technology. The resulting company, a by-product of space exploration, would produce income for a city or region in which no direct NASA contract existed. To accelerate this process, NASA established facilities throughout the U.S. to make space technology available for private use. One such facility is located in New Mexico at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque (505) 277-3622.</text>
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<text>NASA's procurements have a multiplier effect on the American economy of 2:1 for the entire nation and many states have multipliers as high as 12:1. Money spent within the states produces jobs directly and indirectly. Industries and businesses which result from technologies created from NASA spinoffs provide indirect multipliers which in some cases are infinite. For example, in a city or area which does not have a direct NASA contract, an interested individual could read a NASA Technical Note and as a result obtain a license to market a derivative product based on space technology. The resulting company, a by-product of space exploration, would produce income for a city or region in which no direct NASA contract existed. To accelerate this process, NASA established facilities throughout the U.S. to make space technology available for private use. One such facility is located in Kentucky at the University of Kentucky in Lexington (606) 257-6322.</text>
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<content>
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<text>NASA's procurements have a multiplier effect on the American economy of 2:1 for the entire nation and many states have multipliers as high as 12:1. Money spent within the states produces jobs directly and indirectly. Industries and businesses which result from technologies created from NASA spinoffs provide indirect multipliers which in some cases are infinite. For example, in a city or area which does not have a direct NASA contract, an interested individual could read a NASA Technical Note and as a result obtain a license to market a derivative product based on space technology. The resulting company, a by-product of space exploration, would produce income for a city or region in which no direct NASA contract existed. To accelerate this process, NASA established facilities throughout the U.S. to make space technology available for private use. One such facility is located in Nevada at the Desert Research Institute in Reno (702) 673-7388. </text>
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<text>NASA's procurements have a multiplier effect on the American economy of 2:1 for the entire nation and many states have multipliers as high as 12:1. Money spent within the states produces jobs directly and indirectly. Industries and businesses which result from technologies created from NASA spinoffs provide indirect multipliers which in some cases are infinite. For example, in a city or area which does not have a direct NASA contract, an interested individual could read a NASA Technical Note and as a result obtain a license to market a derivative product based on space technology. The resulting company, a by-product of space exploration, would produce income for a city or region in which no direct NASA contract existed. To accelerate this process, NASA established facilities throughout the U.S. to make space technology available for private use. One such facility is located in Nebraska at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln (402) 472-5600.</text>
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<content>
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<text>NASA's procurements have a multiplier effect on the American economy of 2:1 for the entire nation and many states have multipliers as high as 12:1. Money spent within the states produces jobs directly and indirectly. Industries and businesses which result from technologies created from NASA spinoffs provide indirect multipliers which in some cases are infinite. For example, in a city or area which does not have a direct NASA contract, an interested individual could read a NASA Technical Note and as a result obtain a license to market a derivative product based on space technology. The resulting company, a by-product of space exploration, would produce income for a city or region in which no direct NASA contract existed. To accelerate this process, NASA established facilities throughout the U.S. to make space technology available for private use. One such facility is located in New Jersey (702) 673-7388.</text>
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<content>
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<text>NASA's procurements have a multiplier effect on the American economy of 2:1 for the entire nation and many states have multipliers as high as 12:1. Money spent within the states produces jobs directly and indirectly. Industries and businesses which result from technologies created from NASA spinoffs provide indirect multipliers which in some cases are infinite. For example, in a city or area which does not have a direct NASA contract, an interested individual could read a NASA Technical Note and as a result obtain a license to market a derivative product based on space technology. The resulting company, a by-product of space exploration, would produce income for a city or region in which no direct NASA contract existed. To accelerate this process, NASA established facilities throughout the U.S. to make space technology available for private use. One such facility is in South Carolina in Columbia (803)737-9320.</text>
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<content>
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<text>NASA's procurements have a multiplier effect on the American economy of 2:1 for the entire nation and many states have multipliers as high as 12:1. Money spent within the states produces jobs directly and indirectly. Industries and businesses which result from technologies created from NASA spinoffs provide indirect multipliers which in some cases are infinite. For example, in a city or area which does not have a direct NASA contract, an interested individual could read a NASA Technical Note and as a result obtain a license to market a derivative product based on space technology. The resulting company, a by-product of space exploration, would produce income for a city or region in which no direct NASA contract existed. To accelerate this process, NASA established facilities throughout the U.S. to make space technology available for private use. One such facility is located in South Dakota at the South Dakota State University, Brookings (605) 688-4184.</text>
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<content>
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<text>NASA's procurements have a multiplier effect on the American economy of 2:1 for the entire nation and many states have multipliers as high as 12:1. Money spent within the states produces jobs directly and indirectly. Industries and businesses which result from technologies created from NASA spinoffs provide indirect multipliers which in some cases are infinite. For example, in a city or area which does not have a direct NASA contract, an interested individual could read a NASA Technical Note and as a result obtain a license to market a derivative product based on space technology. The resulting company, a by-product of space exploration, would produce income for a city or region in which no direct NASA contract existed. To accelerate this process, NASA established facilities throughout the U.S. to make space technology available for private use. One such facility is located in Vermont in Montpelier (802)828-3221.</text>
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<content>
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<text>NASA's procurements have a multiplier effect on the American economy of 2:1 for the entire nation and many states have multipliers as high as 12:1. Money spent within the states produces jobs directly and indirectly. Industries and businesses which result from technologies created from NASA spinoffs provide indirect multipliers which in some cases are infinite. For example, in a city or area which does not have a direct NASA contract, an interested individual could read a NASA Technical Note and as a result obtain a license to market a derivative product based on space technology. The resulting company, a by-product of space exploration, would produce income for a city or region in which no direct NASA contract existed. To accelerate this process, NASA established facilities throughout the U.S. to make space technology available for private use. Two such facilities are in West Virginia at the University of West Virginia (304) 293-3607 and the Science and Technology Center (304) 348-2101.</text>
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<content>
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<text>NASA's procurements have a multiplier effect on the American economy of 2:1 for the entire nation and many states have multipliers as high as 12:1. Money spent within the states produces jobs directly and indirectly. Industries and businesses which result from technologies created from NASA spinoffs provide indirect multipliers which in some cases are infinite. For example, in a city or area which does not have a direct NASA contract, an interested individual could read a NASA Technical Note and as a result obtain a license to market a derivative product based on space technology. The resulting company, a by-product of space exploration, would produce income for a city or region in which no direct NASA contract existed. To accelerate this process, NASA established facilities throughout the U.S. to make space technology available for private use. One such facility is located in Wyoming at the University of Wyoming in Laramie (307) 766-2363.</text>
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<text>NASA's procurements have a multiplier effect on the American economy of 2:1 for the entire nation and many states have multipliers as high as 12:1. Money spent within the states produces jobs directly and indirectly. Industries and businesses which result from technologies created from NASA spinoffs provide indirect multipliers which in some cases are infinite. For example, in a city or area which does not have a direct NASA contract, an interested individual could read a NASA Technical Note and as a result obtain a license to market a derivative product based on space technology. The resulting company, a by-product of space exploration, would produced income for a city or region in which no direct NASA contract existed. To aid this process NASA establishes facilities to make space technology available for private use. Three are located in Arkansas: the University of Arkansas (501) 371-1971, the Arkansas Center for Technology Transfer (501) 575-5399, and the Arkansas Science and Tech. Authority.</text>
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<text>NASA sponsors a program to develop the next generation of qualified scientists and engineers. It is known as The Space Grant College Program. In addition to promoting a strong educational base to assure future science and engineering resources, the program distributes research and development (R&D) funds on a geographical basis, where feasible.North Dakota institutions are benefitting from this space program effort.North Dakota has a Space Grant Consortium led by Dr. Charles A. Woodof the Department of Space Studies at the University of North Dakota, Grands Forks, ND 58202, (701) 777-3167; Fax: (701) 777-3016. Other North Dakota members are the North Dakota Academy of Science and North Dakota State University.</text>
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<text>Space Exploration provides incentives and markets for commercial products. An example is the market for composite materials developed by the Du Pont Company of Wilmington, Delaware. Du Pont Kevlar is a fiber that pound for pound, is five times as strong as steel. Nomex is a Du Pont family of high strength, high temperature resistant sheet structures, staple fibers and filament yarns. When a core of Nomex is sandwiched between Kevlar skins, the structure is extremely tough as well as light.A NASA program at Langley Research Center tests and applies such materials to space vehicles and aviation air frames accelerating the advancement of composite materials for space application. Du Pont shipments of Kevlar and Nomex are accelerating as a result of NASA work. Delaware's economy is prospering as well.(SPINOFF 1985, NASA Publication, p. 111.)</text>
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<text>Californians need no demonstration of the importance of Space Exploration. California's aerospace companies have put men on the Moon, sent probes to the farthest reaches of our Solar System, and are planning manned journeys to Mars. But besides these major efforts, there are endeavors by California companies to apply the benefits of space to commerce and the American public. NASA and Rockwell funded West Coast Netting Inc. to develop a safety net for Shuttle workers. Working with NASA and Rockwell this Rancho Cucamonga, California company developed a net from Nomex, a space material, which was not only stronger and lighter weight than any previous net but also provided benefits to the fishing industry because the net sinks faster, is stronger, and fishes deeper. This results in fuel savings to U.S. fishermen making our industry competitive with Japan's. It challenges Japan's netting industry. (SPINOFF 1983, NASA Pub., p. 64.) </text>
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<text>While little space manufacturing is done in the District of Columbia area, increasing numbers of contracts for NASA space program planning, design, and implementation are being awarded to Washington, D.C. area firms. Due to the international nature of the Space Station Freedom, several European, Japaneses, and Canadian space firms are establishing offices in the Washington, D.C. area. One D.C. firm is a leader in the private sector space community. Orbital Sciences Corp. (founded in 1982) has become NASA's leading small business contractor. The company's five-year revenue growth is an astrounding (2,223%). INC. Magazine lists Orbital Sciences, developer of the Transfer Orbit Stage and Pegasus air launched booster, as the 2nd fastest growing U.S. company. (AVIATION WEEK, 6/19/89)</text>
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<text>The Texas A&M (TAMU) Center for the Commercial Development of Space is the Center for Space Power which develops commercial power systems for utilization of lunar base, space stations, human-tended free fliers and other powered installations. (Contact: Center for Space Power, Texas Engineering, Experimentation Station, Texas A&M, University System, College Station, Texas 77843-3118, (409) 845-8768.)</text>
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<script>on mouseuprepeat with y = 1 to 100set cursor to busyglobal t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6,t7,t8,t9,t10,t11,t12,t13,t14,t15,¬t16,t17,t18,t19,t20,t21,t22,t23,t24,t25,t26,t27,t28,t29,t30,¬t31,t32,t33,t34,t35,t36,t37,t38,t39,t40,t41,t42,t43,t44global t0, x, r,hat,straw,buff1,buff2,count1,count2,¬t45,t46,t47,t48,t49,t50,t51,t52,t53,t54,t55,t56,t57,t58,t59,t60find whole t0get the resultif count1>=3 and it is not empty thenput the number of this card into hatput the foundchunk into buff1show message boxflash 2exit mouseupelseif it is not empty thenadd 1 to count1add 1 to xput "t"&x into rset lockscreen to truego to "State/Stack"send "mouseup" to button "GlobalFind"elseput the number of this card into hatput the foundchunk into buff1exit mouseupend ifend ifend repeatend mouseupon enterkeyglobal t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6,t7,t8,t9,t10,t11,t12,t13,t14,t15,¬t16,t17,t18,t19,t20,t21,t22,t23,t24,t25,t26,t27,t28,t29,t30,¬t31,t32,t33,t34,t35,t36,t37,t38,t39,t40,t41,t42,t43,t44global t0,x,r,hat,straw,buff1,buff2,count1,count2,t45,t46,t47,¬t48,t49,t50,t51,t52,t53,t54,t55,t56,t57,t58,t59,t60hide message boxfind whole t0put 0 into count1put the number of this card into strawput the foundchunk into buff2if straw = hat and buff1 = buff2 thenadd 1 to xput "t"&x into rset lockscreen to truego to "State/Stack"send "mouseup" to button "GlobalFind"end ifend enterkey</script>
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<text>In 1985, NASA founded a program which developed Centers for the Commercial Development of Space (CCDS). The purpose of these centers is to encourage private-sector interest and investment in commercial space-related activities. These centers are located throughout the U.S.in a broad number of states so that such space activity will benefit our whole nation. In this fashion, monies from our national space budget can have a multiplier effect on the economies of our individual states. Two such centers are located in Texas: the Space Vacuum Epitaxy Center at the University of Houston, which is developing new techniques to use the ultra-vacuum of space for materials processing (contact Alex Ignatiev,(713) 747-3701); and the Center for Space Power at College Station, (TAMU) which promotes commercial power systems for use on board lunar bases, space stations, human-tended free fliers and other power installations (contact: Center for Space Power, TAMU (409) 845-8768).</text>
